Learn the lingo! We might throw around some flooring terms that aren’t immediately familiar to all Happy Feet customers, so we put together a glossary to make sure all our resources are easy to understand.
100% Virgin Vinyl (Glue Down and Loose Lay) are pure vinyl floors and are the classic Luxury Vinyl Plank (LVP) offering. Due to recent technological advancements, this product has been completely revolutionized since it first hit the market. The planks are extremely durable, flexible, and easy to install. Their 100% vinyl composition provides peace of mind that these floors will remain safe and last for years to come.
A 3in1 trim molding is a type of molding used to finish the edges of a flooring installation. As the name suggests, it serves three functions: it can be used as a T-molding, a reducer, or an end cap. It is designed to be versatile and adaptable to various flooring installations.
T-molding: this type of molding is used to transition between two floors of the same height, typically in doorways or between rooms. The T-shape of the molding provides a smooth transition between the two floors.
Reducer: this type of molding is used to transition between floors of different heights, such as between a hardwood floor and a lower height floor like vinyl or carpet. It gradually reduces the height difference between the two floors to provide a smooth transition.
End cap: this type of molding is used to finish the edge of a flooring installation, typically where the flooring meets a wall or other fixed object. It provides a finished look to the edge of the floor and protects it from damage.
Acclimation of flooring refers to the process of allowing flooring materials to adjust to the environmental conditions of the room in which they will be installed. Proper acclimation helps minimize the risk of issues like expansion or contraction of the flooring after installation, which can lead to gaps or damage. It is an important step in ensuring the long-term stability and durability of the flooring in its intended environment. Always follow the specific recommendations provided by the flooring manufacturer to achieve the best results.
Attached acoustical cork is a type of underlayment material that is attached directly to the bottom of the flooring planks. This means that the cork layer is already incorporated into the flooring and does not need to be installed separately.
Like traditional acoustical cork underlayment, attached acoustical cork provides several benefits when used beneath Luxury Vinyl Plank (LVP) flooring. It helps to reduce noise transmission between floors by absorbing sound and preventing it from traveling through the floor. Additionally, the cushioning properties of the cork layer help to reduce the impact of foot traffic on the floor and can prolong the life of the flooring.
Attached acoustical cork is a popular choice for those looking for a convenient and effective way to reduce noise transmission and protect their LVP flooring. It can be a great option for areas where noise reduction is a priority, such as apartments, condos, and multi-story homes.
Attached acoustical cushion is a type of underlayment material that is attached directly to the bottom of the flooring planks. It is a type of foam padding that is designed to provide cushioning and sound-dampening properties when installed beneath the flooring.
The acoustical cushion layer is usually made from a combination of foam materials, including polyethylene, rubber, or felt. This layer helps to reduce noise transmission between floors by absorbing sound and preventing it from traveling through the floor. It also provides cushioning properties that reduces the impact of foot traffic.
One of the main benefits of attached acoustical cushion is that it simplifies the installation process. Since the cushion layer is already attached to the flooring, there is no need to install a separate underlayment layer. This can save time and money during the installation process. It can be a great option for areas where noise reduction is a priority like apartments, condos, and multi-story homes.
Aluminum oxide is a type of surface finish that is used in flooring to increase the durability and scratch-resistance of the flooring. It is a type of ceramic material that is often added to the top layer of flooring to create a hard, scratch-resistant surface.
The aluminum oxide finish is typically applied using a technique called "hot press,” where the flooring plank or tile is placed in a hot press machine and a layer of aluminum oxide is melted and fused onto the surface of the flooring. Once the aluminum oxide coating has been applied, it creates a surface that is much harder than the original flooring material, making it more resistant to scratches, dents, and other types of wear and tear. It also helps to protect the flooring from UV radiation, which can cause discoloration and fading.
Aluminum oxide finishes are commonly used in high-traffic areas. For example, commercial spaces and households with children or pets.
The angle / angle click technology is a type of locking mechanism that is used in flooring installations. Angle / angle click technology features a unique locking system that consists of angled profiles on both the long and short sides of each plank. When the planks are angled and clicked together, the locking mechanism creates a tight and secure fit that provides a stable and durable flooring installation.
When flooring is described as "antimicrobial," it means that the flooring has been treated or manufactured with materials or additives that inhibit the growth and spread of microorganisms, such as bacteria, mold, and mildew, on the surface of the flooring. It is important to note that while antimicrobial Luxury Vinyl Plank (LVP) flooring can help inhibit the growth of microorganisms on the surface, it does not replace proper cleaning and maintenance. Regular cleaning and care are still necessary to keep the flooring in optimal condition.
ASTM F1869 is a standard test method that measures the Moisture Vapor Emission Rate (MVER) of a concrete slab or other substrate. This test is often used in the flooring industry to determine if a concrete subfloor is suitable for the installation of flooring materials.
The ASTM F1869 test involves placing a small dish or container on the surface of the concrete, covering it with a sealed dome, and allowing it to equilibrate for a specific amount of time. After the equilibration period, the dome is removed and the moisture content of the dish is measured. The MVER is then calculated based on the weight of the moisture in the dish and the surface area of the test area.
The results of the ASTM F1869 test can be used to determine if a concrete subfloor has excessive moisture levels that could affect the performance of flooring materials. Most flooring manufacturers have specific requirements for acceptable MVER levels for their products, and the ASTM F1869 test can help ensure that those requirements are met. It is important to note that other factors, such as relative humidity and temperature, can also affect the performance of flooring materials and should be taken into consideration, along with the results of the ASTM F1869 test.
ASTM F2170 is a standard test method that measures the moisture content inside a concrete slab or other substrate at a specific depth. This test is often used in the flooring industry to determine if a concrete subfloor is suitable for the installation of flooring materials.
The ASTM F2170 test involves drilling a hole into the surface of the concrete and inserting a probe to a specific depth. The probe is left in place for a specific amount of time to allow the moisture inside the hole to reach equilibrium with the surrounding concrete. The moisture content of the concrete is then measured using a specialized device.
The results of the ASTM F2170 test can be used to determine if a concrete subfloor has excessive moisture levels that could affect the performance of flooring materials. Most flooring manufacturers have specific requirements for acceptable moisture levels for their products, and the ASTM F2170 test can help ensure that those requirements are met.
It is important to note that the ASTM F2170 test measures the moisture content of the concrete at a specific depth and may not provide a complete picture of the moisture conditions throughout the entire slab. Other factors, such as relative humidity and temperature, can also affect the performance of flooring materials and should be taken into consideration, along with the results of the ASTM F2170 test.
The calcium chloride moisture test, also known as the ASTM F1869 test, is a standard method used to measure the Moisture Vapor Emission Rate (MVER) of concrete slabs. The test involves placing a small dish containing calcium chloride crystals on the concrete surface and covering it with a plastic dome. The dish is left in place for a specified period of time, usually 60-72 hours, and then the amount of moisture absorbed by the calcium chloride is measured.
The amount of moisture absorbed by the calcium chloride is expressed in terms of pounds of moisture per 1,000 square feet of concrete surface area per 24 hours. This measurement is used to determine the Moisture Vapor Transmission Rate (MVTR) of the concrete slab. If the MVTR exceeds the manufacturer's recommended limit for the installation of flooring, additional moisture mitigation measures may be necessary before proceeding with the installation.
The calcium chloride moisture test is a widely accepted method for evaluating the moisture content of concrete slabs and is often required by flooring manufacturers as part of their installation guidelines.
Ceramic bead is a type of additive material that is used in flooring coatings to increase the surface hardness and durability of the flooring. When added to a flooring coating, ceramic beads act as a physical barrier and provide an extra layer of protection against wear and tear.
Ceramic beads are typically made of zirconia or alumina, and they are microspheres that have a diameter of about 0.5mm to 1.5mm. They are mixed into the flooring coating before application and create a rough, textured surface that enhances the slip-resistance and scratch-resistance properties of the flooring. Ceramic beads also provide an added layer of protection that can help extend the life of the flooring and reduce maintenance requirements. Ceramic bead technology is commonly used in industrial and commercial flooring applications where the flooring is exposed to heavy traffic.
Click lock or floating flooring is a type of flooring installation method where the planks or tiles are not directly attached to the subfloor. Instead, the planks or tiles are connected together by a locking system that clicks together, creating a floating floor that rests on top of the subfloor. Click lock or floating flooring is a popular choice because it is relatively easy to install and can be done quickly without the need for special tools or adhesives.
The drop / lock click technology features a unique locking system that consists of four different interlocking elements. These elements include a click profile, a locking profile, a drop-lock profile, and a tongue and groove profile. Together, they form a tight and secure locking system that provides a stable and durable flooring installation.
EIR embossing, or "Embossed in Register" embossing, is a type of surface texturing process used in the manufacturing of laminate flooring, luxury vinyl flooring, and some engineered wood flooring.
During the EIR embossing process, a 3D texture is imprinted on the surface of the flooring plank or tile. This texture mimics the look and feel of natural wood or stone, creating a more realistic and authentic appearance.
The "in register" aspect of the process means that the texture aligns with the printed wood grain or stone pattern on the surface of the flooring, resulting in a more natural and convincing appearance. This process is typically done using a heated press that applies pressure to the surface of the flooring, creating a realistic texture that enhances the overall aesthetic of the product.
EIR embossing is popular in flooring products because it adds depth and texture to the surface, creating a more realistic and natural look that mimics the appearance of high-end materials.
An end cap molding is used to finish the edge of a flooring installation, typically where the flooring meets a wall or other fixed object. It provides a finished look to the edge of the floor and protects it from damage.
Enhanced UV polyurethane is a clear, protective finish known for its resistance to wear, scratches, and stains. UV-curing involves using ultraviolet light to quickly harden and set the polyurethane coating. This results in a durable and long-lasting protective layer that enhances the resilience of the flooring. The enhanced UV polyurethane coating on Luxury Vinyl Plank (LVP) flooring contributes to its long-term durability and aesthetic quality, making it a great choice for both residential and commercial spaces.
EVA (Ethylene Vinyl Acetate) pad is a type of underlayment material that is attached directly to the Luxury Vinyl Plank (LVP) flooring. It is a type of foam padding that provides cushioning and sound-dampening properties when installed beneath the flooring.
The EVA pad layer is made from a combination of foam materials, including EVA and other types of foam. This layer helps to reduce noise transmission between floors by absorbing sound and preventing it from traveling through the floor. It also provides cushioning properties that help to reduce the impact of foot traffic on the floor.
EVA pad is resistant to moisture and mold and will not compress or lose its shape. This makes it a great option for high-traffic areas like kitchens, entryways, and living rooms.
Expansion space refers to the gap left between the edge of the installed flooring and the surrounding walls or fixed objects. In the case of Luxury Vinyl Plank (LVP) flooring, expansion space is necessary to allow the flooring to expand and contract naturally with changes in temperature and humidity. It is important to note that expansion space must be maintained throughout the lifetime of the floor to ensure the longevity and durability of the flooring.
Without sufficient expansion space, LVP flooring may buckle, warp, or develop gaps between planks as it expands or contracts due to changes in temperature or humidity. It is also important to note that expansion space needs to be maintained throughout the lifetime of the floor and not just during installation.
The addition of a fiberglass layer to the 100% virgin vinyl LVP provides several benefits. First, it enhances the dimensional stability of the flooring, making it less prone to expansion and contraction due to changes in temperature or humidity. Additionally, it provides added resistance to impact and wear, making the flooring more durable and long-lasting.
FloorScore® is a certification program that focuses on indoor air quality and emissions testing for flooring and flooring-related products. This certification is important for those concerned with maintaining good indoor air quality in residential, commercial, and institutional settings. FloorScore® certification ensures that a flooring product meets specific criteria related to the emission of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and other potentially harmful substances.
Glue down flooring is a type of flooring installation method where the flooring is glued directly to the subfloor using Happy Feet’s HF9100 adhesive. Glue down flooring provides a stable and permanent installation that can withstand heavy foot traffic and wear and tear. It also helps to reduce noise and can provide better insulation.
GREENGUARD Gold is a certification program developed by UL (Underwriters Laboratories) that focuses on indoor air quality and the emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from various products, including flooring materials. This certification is awarded to products that meet stringent criteria for low VOC emissions, making them suitable for use in environments like schools and healthcare facilities where air quality is of particular concern.
When it comes to flooring, a GREENGUARD Gold certificate means a product has been tested and proven to emit low levels of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and other potentially harmful substances. GREENGUARD Gold certification extends to a wide range of products, including furniture, paints, adhesives, and more, in addition to flooring.
Happy Feet International highly recommends the use of HF525Z, which is designed to function as a moisture vapor barrier, an encapsulator, and/or a primer. As a moisture vapor barrier, HF525Z is effective at blocking up to 95% of moisture vapor when applied as a 2 coat process. A moisture vapor barrier prevents moisture from the substrate from reaching the flooring material, which is crucial in preventing damage to the flooring and ensuring its longevity. As an encapsulator, HF525Z eliminates the need to remove existing and cutback adhesive residue. As a primer coating, it will prep the subfloor to enhance the bond between the subfloor and the flooring.
HF9100 is a full spread, transitional pressure sensitive adhesive used in the application of glue down flooring. HF9100 goes above and beyond by withstanding severe moisture and alkalinity. Offering the upfront benefits of a PSA, it quickly transitions; fully cross-linking into a hard-set to securely lock your flooring in place. With its aggressive, fast-grab design, HF9100 handles the pressure of heavy rolling loads with ease. This adhesive is trowel-applied.
HF9200 is a versatile spray adhesive naturally suited for adhering approved Luxury Vinyl Plank (LVP) in commercial and residential applications. It uses 80% less adhesive compared to trowel-applied epoxy and bucket adhesive. Its instant shear strength allows for all traffic without any adhesive indentation, displacement, or movement associated with heavy weight-bearing loads. It is a non-toxic, 0.0 g/mL VOC product that allows occupation of space as soon as installation is complete.
IXPE (Irradiated Cross-linked Polyethylene) pad is a type of foam padding that provides cushioning and sound-dampening properties.
The IXPE pad layer is usually made from a combination of foam materials, including polyethylene and other cross-linked materials. This layer helps to reduce noise transmission between floors by absorbing sound and preventing it from traveling through the floor. It also provides cushioning properties that help to reduce the impact of foot traffic on the floor.
One of the main benefits of IXPE pad is that it is a high-density foam that is resistant to moisture and mold. It is also very durable and can withstand heavy foot traffic without compressing or losing its shape. This makes it a great option for high-traffic areas like kitchens, entryways, and living rooms.
Loose lay flooring is a type of flooring installation method where the flooring is not attached to the subfloor, but rather laid loosely on top of it. The flooring planks or tiles are designed to have a high-friction backing that creates a strong bond with the subfloor, preventing the flooring from slipping or sliding. However, loose lay flooring may require the use of adhesive (HF9100 or HF9200) to prevent shifting or movement over time in high traffic and commercial settings.
One of the main advantages of loose lay flooring is that it is quick and easy to install. This makes it a popular choice for DIYers or those looking for a fast and easy flooring installation process. Additionally, loose lay flooring is easy to remove and replace, making it a good choice for areas where the flooring may need to be changed frequently, such as rental properties or commercial spaces.
A micro bevel is a type of edge profile used on flooring planks where a very small beveled edge is created between each plank. The bevel is typically only a few millimeters wide and is barely noticeable unless examined up close. It is a popular choice for those who want the natural look of solid wood flooring. A micro bevel creates a clean, seamless look while adding subtle detail to the overall design.
The wear layer is the topmost, protective layer of the flooring material, and its thickness is an important indicator of the floor's durability and resistance to wear and tear. The term "mil" is short for "mil thousandth of an inch," and it represents the thickness of this wear layer. It is essential to pay attention to the wear layer thickness when selecting flooring materials, as it can impact the longevity and performance of the floor in different environments. However, the thickness of the wear layer is just one of several factors to consider when choosing flooring and the overall quality of the product, including its core construction and installation, which should also be considered.
“MM” stands for millimeters and is used to measure the thickness of the planks. The overall thickness of the plank consists of the layers that make up the planks, such as the core layer, wear layer, and underlayment. Thicker Luxury Vinyl Plank (LVP) tends to be more robust and provides better sound insulation and resistance to imperfections in the subfloor. 1MM is roughly the thickness of a dime.
A painted bevel is a type of edge profile where the beveled edges are painted a different color than the main surface of the plank. This creates a more defined and realistic look, which is used to create a contrasting design element and highlight the individual planks. The paint used for the bevels is typically a durable, high-quality paint that can withstand foot traffic and other wear and tear.
Painted bevel profiles can create a range of design styles, from rustic and traditional to modern and contemporary. This edge profile can also help to visually lengthen and widen a room by creating the illusion of longer planks.
A reducer molding is used to transition between floors of different heights. For example, between a hardwood floor and a lower height floor like vinyl or carpet. A reducer gradually decreases the height difference between the two floors to provide a smooth transition.
Relative Humidity (RH) is an important factor to consider when installing flooring, particularly when it comes to concrete subfloors. The relative humidity level is the amount of moisture in the air compared to the maximum amount of moisture that the air can hold at a specific temperature.
For flooring installations on concrete subfloors, it is recommended to measure the RH of the concrete using a hygrometer. The ASTM F2170 standard method involves inserting a probe into the concrete and allowing it to equilibrate for a specified period of time, usually 72 hours. The RH level is then measured and recorded.
Flooring manufacturers often specify a maximum allowable RH level for their products, which is typically between 75-85%. If the RH level exceeds the manufacturer's recommended limit, additional moisture mitigation measures may be necessary before proceeding with the installation.
Measuring the RH of the concrete subfloor is important because excessive moisture can cause a variety of issues with flooring like warping, buckling, adhesive failure, and mold growth. By ensuring that the RH level is within the manufacturer's recommended range, it can help to ensure a successful and long-lasting flooring installation.
Happy Feet International brands SPC (Stone Polymer Composite Core) as Stabilicor® Plus. SPC Stabilicor® Plus has a strong stone composite core. These planks are known for their extreme durability and capacity to withstand years of use. This rigid stone core results in SPC products having a sturdy feel underfoot and less flexibility than other compositions.
A square edge profile is a type of edge finish used in flooring planks where the edge of the plank is perpendicular to the surface of the plank. This creates a smooth, flat surface with no bevel or groove between the planks.
Square edge profile flooring creates a seamless appearance between the planks, making the flooring look like a continuous surface rather than individual planks.
Stabilicor® WPC (Extruded Composite Core)
Stabilicor® absorbs more sound when compared to traditional vinyl, resulting in a quieter step with a warmer, more comfortable feel underfoot. This is an engineered wood composite core that supplies additional strength and stability while maintaining flexibility. These planks are great for use on any flooring level of your design, and the added sound absorption makes it a great choice for residential use.
Stabilicor® Elite ESPC (Enhanced Stone Polymer Composite Core)
Stabilicor® Elite is the newest generation of flooring, which provides the durability of SPC flooring with extra layers of vinyl. This elite feature gives additional stability, while providing a quieter, warmer, and more comfortable feel underfoot. The additional vinyl layers also allow for superior EIR embossing, which mimics the wood grain and results in a more realistic, natural-looking floor.
Stabilicor® Plus SPC (Stone Polymer Composite Core)
Stabilicor® Plus has a strong stone composite core. These planks are known for their extreme durability and capacity to withstand years of use. This rigid stone core results in SPC products having a sturdy feel underfoot and less flexibility than other compositions.
A substrate is the underlying surface or material to which a flooring material (such as Luxury Vinyl Plank (LVP)) is applied. In the case of LVP flooring, the substrate may be a concrete subfloor, a plywood subfloor, or an existing flooring material like tile or hardwood.
The substrate plays a critical role in the performance of the LVP flooring. It must be clean, level, dry, and free from any defects or irregularities that could affect the installation or performance of the flooring material. The type and condition of the substrate will also determine the type of underlayment, adhesive, or other materials that may be needed for the installation of the LVP flooring.
Before installing LVP flooring, it is important to properly prepare the substrate. This may involve cleaning, leveling, and repairing any defects or damage to the underlying surface. It is also important to ensure that the substrate is dry and free from any moisture that could affect the installation or performance of the LVP flooring.
Proper preparation of the substrate can help ensure a successful and long-lasting installation of LVP flooring.
T-molding is a type of molding used to transition between two floors of the same height, typically in doorways or between rooms. The T-shape of the molding provides a smooth transition between the two floors.
Underlayment for Luxury Vinyl Plank (LVP) flooring is a layer of material that is installed beneath the flooring to provide various benefits. For example, cushioning, sound dampening, moisture protection, and thermal insulation. Underlayment can help improve the durability and performance of the floor over time.
There are several different types of underlayment materials that can be used for LVP flooring, including foam, cork, and rubber. The specific type of underlayment that is best for your installation will depend on a number of factors, including the type of LVP you are installing, the subfloor surface, and the level of sound or moisture protection you require.
Unipush click technology is a type of locking mechanism used in flooring installations. The unipush click technology features a unique locking system that consists of a tongue and groove profile on the long and short sides of each plank. When the planks are pressed together, the locking mechanism creates a tight and secure fit that provides a stable and durable flooring installation.
Urethane coating is a type of finish that is applied to the surface of the flooring to provide a protective layer. The application of a urethane coating to Luxury Vinyl Plank (LVP) enhances the durability of the flooring, making it more resistant to scratches, scuffs, and other types of damage. Additionally, urethane coating on LVP enhances the appearance of the flooring, providing a glossy or matte finish that can help to showcase the natural beauty of the wood grain or tile texture.
Urethane coating on LVP is a popular choice for those looking for a durable and long-lasting flooring option that offers scratch resistance and easy maintenance. It is commonly used in residential and commercial applications.
The wear layer on Luxury Vinyl Plank (LVP) is the topmost layer of the flooring that is designed to provide durability and protection against wear and tear. This layer is typically made of a clear, transparent material, such as UV polyurethane, ceramic bead, or aluminum oxide, that is applied over the printed layer or design layer of the LVP.
The thickness of the wear layer on LVP can vary depending on the manufacturer and the specific product, but it typically ranges from 4 to 30 mils (thousandths of an inch). The wear layer is designed to resist scratches and other types of damage that can occur from everyday use, which includes foot traffic, pet claws, and furniture.
The wear layer on LVP is an important factor to consider when choosing a flooring product, as a thicker wear layer will generally provide additional durability and longevity. However, a thicker wear layer may also come with a higher price tag, so it is important to weigh the benefits against the cost when making a decision.
Happy Feet International brands WPC (Extruded Composite Core) as Stabilicor®. WPC Stabilicor® absorbs more sound when compared to traditional vinyl, resulting in a quieter step with a warmer, more comfortable feel underfoot. This is an engineered wood composite core that supplies additional strength and stability while maintaining flexibility. These planks are great for use on any flooring level of your design, and the added sound absorption makes it a great choice for residential use.
XPS (Extruded Polystyrene) pad is a type of underlayment material that is attached directly to the Luxury Vinyl Plank (LVP) flooring. It is a type of foam padding that provides cushioning and sound-dampening properties.
The XPS pad layer is usually made from a type of high-density foam that is extruded with polystyrene materials. This layer helps to reduce noise transmission between floors by absorbing sound and preventing it from traveling through the floor. It also provides cushioning properties that reduce the impact of foot traffic on the floor.
One of the main benefits of XPS pad attached to the LVP is that it provides excellent thermal insulation properties. This can help to reduce heating and cooling costs in your home or business. Additionally, XPS pad is moisture-resistant and resistant to mold, making it a great choice for areas where moisture is a concern like kitchens and basements. It is also very durable and can withstand heavy foot traffic without compressing or losing its shape, making XPS an excellent option for high traffic areas like kitchens, entryways, and living rooms.
ZeroMark® Stain Resistance is a type of technology used in flooring that provides superior stain resistance even against tough-to-remove stains like permanent marker, red wine, coffee, and pet urine. This technology is designed to prevent stains from penetrating the flooring surface, making it easier to clean and maintain.
ZeroMark® Stain Resistance works by creating a barrier between the flooring surface and any spills or stains. This barrier helps to prevent the stains from adhering to the surface, making them easier to clean up with a simple blot or wipe.
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